The Convair B-36D Peacemaker

The B-36 was an immense aircraft in every dimensionthe Vietnam War.
and one of the last of the piston driven bombers.The B-36D had six 3500 Pratt and Whitney Wasp
Designed as a long distance heavy bomber capableMajor radial engines mounted facing rearwards on the
of carrying a huge bomb load or the nuclear bombstrailing edges of the wings, plus four 5200 lb thrust
of the period, it went through numerous re-designsGE J47 turbo jets. It had a maximum speed of 439
and modifications. The first B-36A was built in earlymph at 32,120 feet with a cruising speed of 225 mph
1947 and flew for the first time on August 28, 1947.and a range of 7500 miles. Its service ceiling was
The models B and C soon followed and were found45,200 feet. To clear a 50 ft obstacle on take-off, it
wanting for one reason or another, mostly becauseneeded 5685-ft runway. Empty it weighed 161,370
the Air Force and the Government's Department oflbs., combat weight of 250,000 lbs., with an absolute
Defense could not arrive at a long-term agreementmaximum lift off weight of 370,000 lbs.
about what they wanted. Some wanted the B-36 toThe B-36D's wingspan was 230 feet, its length 162
fill the gap before the B-52's would be delivered;feet 1 inches, with a height of 46 feet 8 inches and a
others thought it was not needed at all and stillwing area of 4772 square feet. For armament it
others changed their minds every month or so.carried two 20-mm cannon in each of six retractable,
The early versions of the B-36 had been criticized forremotely controlled fuselage turrets, plus a tail turret
insufficient maximum speed and for a too-longand a nose mounting.
takeoff run. On October 5, 1948, Convair proposedThe B-36D had a crew of 15: commander, two pilots,
that these problems could be addressed by fittingtwo engineers, navigator, bombardier, two radio
two pairs of turbojets in pods underneath the outeroperators and an observer forward (the first radio
wings. These turbojets would be used for takeoffoperator handled ECM while the second radio
and for short bursts of speed during the bombing runoperator, the copilot and the observer operated the
and would have only a minimal effect on the range.three forward turrets. The rear compartment
These changes resulted in the B-36D version.accommodated five gunners, including one for the
The B-36D featured two pairs of General Electricradar controlling the tail turret.
J47-GE-19 turbojets in pods underneath the outerOn January 16, 1951, 6 B-36Ds were flown from
wings to assist the six R-4360-41 engines. TheseCarswell AFB to the United Kingdom, landing at RAF
pods were quite similar to those fitted underneathLakenheath after having staged through Limestone
the inner wing of the Boeing B-47 Stratojet. The jetAFB in Maine. The flight returned to Carswell on
engines increased the maximum speed to 435 mphJanuary 20. This marked the first time that B-36s had
and the ceiling to more than 45,000 feet. In addition,flown outside US territory. A flight to French Morocco
they reduced the takeoff run by almost 2000 feet.was made on December 3, when 6 B-36s of the 11th
The first true production B-36D flew on July 11, 1949.Bombardment Wing landed at Sidi Slimane, having
The first B-36Ds were accepted by the USAF inflown non-stop from Carswell AFB.
August of 1950 and were initially sent to Eglin AFBGradually, most of the problems with the B-36 were
for testing. By June of 1951 26 B-36Ds had beenidentified and corrected. An early major B-36 problem
delivered. The last B-36D was accepted in August ofwas leakage in the fuel system. In addition, the
1951. A total of 81 B-36Ds were delivered to theelectrical system was unreliable and caused frequent
USAF, 22 built as B-36Ds from the start and 59fires. Improved containers and better sealants
others were converted from B-36Bs.reduced fuel tank leakages. Changes in the electrical
The model D was fitted with snap-action splitsystem reduced fire hazards during ground refuelling
bomb-bay doors as opposed to the sliding typeoperations. Landing gear and bulkhead failures were
doors fitted to the preceding B-36As and Bs. Thesealmost totally eliminated.
doors could open and close in only two seconds andHowever, even by October of 1951, the B-36D's
were extremely hazardous to ground crew. Thedefensive armament system was still performing
maximum bomb load was 86,000 pounds, consistingpoorly. In April of 1952, the Air Force ordered a
of two 43,000-pound bombs. Smaller alternative loadsseries of gunnery missions to see if the cause of the
consisted of three 22,000 pound bombs, fourfailures could be determined. This test was completed
12,000-pound bombs, 12 4000-lb bombs, 28 2000-lbin July. The K radar system was found difficult to
bombs, or 132 500-lb bombs. Such loads were notoperate and maintain and the training for the gunners
equalled until the "Big Belly" B-52D modifications duringwas found to be inadequate.