The B-24 Liberator Bomber

Consolidated Aircraft won the original contract fromTwin Wasp engines.
the US Army Air Corps in 1939 to build a bomberOne of the features that distinguished the B-24 from
that could exceed the performance of the B-17. Theirthe B-17 were its tricycle landing gear, the first
prototype, the XB-24 first flew in December 1939.installed in a heavy operational aircraft. Other
Slightly smaller than the Flying Fortress, it had fourfeatures were the mid-mounted, high-lift Davis wing
1,200-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-65 Twin Waspthat achieved 20 percent less drag than conventional
turbocharged radial piston engines which enabled it toairfoils of the time, twin tail fins, oval-shaped engine
fly farther with a bigger bomb load than the B-17.cowlings necessitated by the mounting of
Of seven service-test YB-24s, six were sent to theturbosuperchargers, unique roll-up bomb bay doors
Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1940 under the exportthat reduced drag considerably when open and a fully
designation LB-30A. Because they lackedretractable ventral machine gun turret. The B-24 was
turbosuperchargers and self-sealing fuel tanks, thealso the first to employ Hamilton hydromatic
RAF found them unsuitable for combat duty overquick-feathering three-blade propellers.
Europe. Instead, they were stripped of theirWith an empty weight of 36,500 lbs (an empty B-29
armament and put into service as transports on thewas almost double that weight), the B-24H/J could
Trans-Atlantic Return Ferry Service, which had beentakeoff with 71,200 lbs (full fuel load and 12,800 lbs
established to send air crews to Montreal to takeof bombs). Its length was 67 ft, wing span 110 ft
delivery of American aircraft consigned to the Britishand height stood at 18 ft. At 25,000 ft its cruising
war effort.speed was 215 mph, top speed was 290 mph. It had
Flying for the Army Air Corps as the B-24 and the10 12.7 mm (50 calibre) machine guns in nose, upper
U.S. Navy as the PB4Y-1, the plane also saw serviceventral ball turrets and tail turret and lateral positions.
in the Royal Air Force where it was known simply asWhile designed as a heavy bomber, the B-24
the Liberator. There was also a transport versionexperienced more than 100 modifications and
known as the C-87, one of which was Winstonconversions for such assignments as photography,
Churchill's personal aircraft, carrying him to historicmine laying and cargo hauling (including a C-109 fuel
meetings at Moscow and Casablanca, among othertanker version that flew "the Hump" to refuel B-29s
locations. Before the last one was retired from Airoperating out of forward bases in China). More than
Force service in 1953, the plane was produced in18,000 B-24s were built during WWII, more than any
variations ranging through type M. The various modelother American aircraft. Given its abilities and
numbers were often the result of minor changes, like"convert-abilities", the numbers make perfect sense.
the relocation of internal equipment, but one majorHowever, a post war attempt to combine portions
revision, the conversion of the standard Navy B-24of the B-24 and PB4Y-2 with a new fuselage to
(PB4Y-1) to the PB4Y-2 Privateer, involved acreate the Convair Model 39 airliner was not a
significant rework that exchanged the familiar twin tailcommercial success, with only one prototype being
for a single tall tail fin and rudder combination. It alsobuilt.
had a stretched forward fuselage that placed theOf the many thousands of B-24s and derivatives
pilot's compartment well in front of thebuilt, only three remain airworthy (Two B-24Js and
un-turbocharged Pratt & Whitney R1830-94one LB-30), all in the United States.