History of Airplanes

The idea of flying has sparked the imagination ofcentury, advancements both in engine technology
mankind for centuries or even millennia. The firstand the understanding of aerodynamics made
man-made flying objects were not airplanes but kites;powered, controllable flight possible.
records of kite flying date back as early to 200 B.C.The Wright Brothers began working with gliders and
in China, and rudimentary hot air balloons were firstother unpowered flight methods around the turn of
designed about the same time. Leonardo da Vincithe century, and are widely recognized to have the
famously designed several aircraft in the fifteenthfirst sustained, controlled, and powered flight of a
century, but never tried to construct or fly them.heavier-than-air aircraft flown by a pilot, accomplishing
All of the aircraft that were shown to work up tothis feat near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903. By
the eighteenth and mid nineteenth centuries were1905, their airplane designs could be flown for
lighter than air, a significant difference from theupwards of 40 minutes or 30 miles in a single flight.
heavier-than-air aircraft that would be developed inThe development of aircraft grew exponentially as a
the twentieth century. Important mechanisms thatresponse to World War I, during which time aircraft
would later be used for propelling and controllingwere used for military flights, including both
aircraft were developed during this period, even ifreconnaissance flights and the world's first fighter
the overall designs themselves were flawed andplanes.
unsuccessful.Development of the jet engine began in the 1930s,
By the close of the nineteenth century, the idea ofmainly in Germany and in England. Both countries
flying had captured the attention of the world, andwould have working jet aircraft by the end of World
multiple aviation pioneers built various aircraft thatWar II. After the war, the aircraft industry turned
managed to become airborne, if even just for atowards the civilian market, considered the dawn of
second or two, predating the Wright Brothers'what would be known as the jet age. The first
famous flight by up to 30 years. Multiple pioneerscommercial jet airliners were put into service by the
were working on both lighter-than-air andend of the 1940s. Regular jet service was available
heavier-than-air aircraft concurrently, using hundredsby the mid 1950s, ushering in the age of mass
of imaginative designs with varying degrees ofcommercial air travel.
success. Gustave Whitehead, for example, reportedlyBy the start of the 1960s, aircraft were no longer
flew his engine-powered, heavier-than-air design for arestricted to flights beginning and ending on land, as
distance of 800 meters at 15 meters height as earlythe first space flights became possible and the space
as 1901 or 1902, preceding the Wright Brothers'race began. Russia's Sputnik 1, launched in 1957,
famous flight at Kitty Hawk by more than two years.started a new era of flight, culminating in the first
Other inventors also claimed to have achieved flightmanned moon landing in 1969.
between 1900 and 1910. By the early twentieth