ETOPS - Extended Range Twin Engine Operations - Understanding

In the aviation industry today, it has now becomerating on its entry into service. ETOPS-180 is only
part of everyday normal operations for twin enginepossible after 1 year of trouble-free 120-minute
aircraft to cross the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans andETOPS experience), however a lot of areas would
also deserts. In this article, I will guide you on hownot be able to be crossed (if only ETOP-120 is used)
ETOPS works in my simple words.as they are outside the range of the airports/airfields.
Nowadays, most of twin engine airliners are alreadyFor any airline to be able to cross the Mighty Atlantic
certified so that they have to be able to fly normallyocean, it would require at least 138minute of ETOPS
within an hour of a landing strip/airfield/airport in thecertification(ETOPS 120/138 was introduced to tackle
event of an emergency (any of the enginesthis issue)
failure).Normally in Europe this is not a problem, butOne more example, we take a flight From USA to
over the Oceans and at night in Africa where airfieldsHawaii. Any airline will require 3hours certification as
often close, this could risk a problem (deserts areHawaii to west coast of USA is estimate around
also considered like oceans). To allow/enable long6hours of flying. That's why ETOPS-180 was
distance flights with twin engine aircraft, a set ofintroduced. So if and airlines is not ETOPS-180
rules were developed by the Civil Aviation Authoritiescertified, it will have to use a long route via north
of the world. At first, aircraft have to be built andneared to Greenland and Iceland.
designed with proven engines. Hours are fed backExamples of ETOPS rating are as below:-
and monitored by manufacturers and authorities.- ETOPS-75
Before these operations commence the airline has to- ETOPS-90
be certified and assessed as well.- ETOPS-120/138
I give one example, the Atlantic Ocean. It would be- ETOPS-180/207 (which covers 95% of the earth's
impossible to fly over this huge ocean using thesurface)p/s did you know ETOPS famous acronym
normal hour restriction. It could be crossed with="Engines Turn Off, Passengers Swim" and "Engines
implementing a two hour restriction (ETOPS-120Turn or Passengers Swim.