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The Coast Guard & The Women's Reserve In World War Ii Part I

The 1940s bring memories of tearful whole. Since fairness and individual
train-station good-byes, war bond drives, consideration of personnel had long been
ration cards and much-feared telegrams. standard, if not a tradition for the
To the soldiers, sailors and airmen of Coast Guard, the service welcomed the
that era, World War II was not just a newest ranks - women reservists - in the
far-off conflict, it was a reality. These same manner as those before them. The
young men were in the forefront in Coast Guard's policy did not change with
war-torn Europe and the battle grounds of the onset of women. It remained to make
the Pacific. use of its personnel to carry out the
A photo of Coast Guard spars But for the varied duties and responsibilities and to
women left behind, the reality of war was equally reward those who gave faithful
also close to home. These mothers, service.
daughters, sisters, wives and fiancées 10,000 women volunteer
of the brave young men wanted to do their The Coast Guard and the nation were in
part too and became soldiers, sailors and need, and America's young women
airmen - and even Coast Guardsmen in the responded. More than 10,000 women
global war. volunteered for service between 1942 and
On Nov. 23, 1942, legislation was 1946. This reserve corps also had its own
approved creating yet another arm of the commanding officer, Dorothy C. Stratton.
U.S. Coast Guard, one that would pave the A photo of Coast Guard spars Stratton was
way for Coast Guard women of today - The the dean of women on leave from Purdue
U.S. Coast Guard Women's Reserve, also University and a lieutenant in the Navy
known as the SPARs. Women's Reserve, also known as WAVEs. She
Although the Coast Guard had done many was promoted to lieutenant commander when
jobs since 1790 without taking women into she became the director of the SPARs and
its enlisted or officer ranks, the onset was later promoted to captain. In fact,
of a world war changed the course of it is believed that she was the
history for women in all the armed originator of the nickname SPARs. Their
services. When World War II came, the original name, WORCOGS, gave way to the
Coast Guard and the other services found nautical term and the contraction of the
themselves in great need of more men at Coast Guard's motto - Semper Paratus,
sea and more troops on foreign soil. They Always Ready.
acknowledged that filling U.S. shore jobs Patriotism is key
with women would allow more men to serve There were many reasons why these young
elsewhere and hasten the war effort. women joined the SPARs. One of the main
A photo of Coast Guard sparsSPARs provide reasons enlisted SPARs joined was
the answer patriotism. They expressed a desire to be
The SPARs were the answer to the Coast of more direct help in the war effort.
Guard's problem. These women were under Other reasons included a wish to relieve
military direction, and they were subject a man for active combat elsewhere, a
to assignment according to the needs of chance for self improvement or
the service. This was one of the key advancement, an opportunity for travel,
factors in using women as part of the and a desire for excitement and
military force. The jobs they were adventure.
filling could not have been done by Soon after the legislation was passed in
civilians working for the armed forces November 1942, a recruiting drive began
because they were not as mobile and did to build the SPAR corps. Although
not fall under military law and military services had been recruiting
discipline. their members for many years, SPAR
The establishment of the SPARs also recruiters faced two challenges -
showed legislative recognition of a recruiting women and recruiting them for
democratic woman's right to directly one of the least-known services.
participate as members of the armed In fact, in early 1944, Coast Guard
services in the joint war effort. Even Headquarters in Washington, issued a
their male counterparts thought highly of guidance memorandum for SPAR recruiting
the SPARs. "Uncle Sam needs the SPARs or officers. The recruiters were told not to
he'd never have them in uniform," said sit in an office and wait for the women
Coxswain Frank Bartlett. "They are a to walk in; they should go to the field
saving to the government. If they were and talk to prospective applicants and
civilian employees in civil service, they their families.
would be drawing high wages." They did just that, according to LT Kay
"As it is, they are drawing the same as Arthur, a former SPAR and co-author of
we are for the same job we once had," he Three Years Behind the Mast: The Story of
said. "We welcome them. They gave us our the Coast Guard SPARs. "When the memo
one and only chance for the job we want, arrived at a southern recruiting office,
- the sea." the staff had just returned from a trek
This new influx of personnel on the through a cotton field to secure
horizon raised some questions for the enlistment permission from a girl's irate
previously all-male service. Separate parents who were at work there," Arthur
housing and messing facilities and said.
personnel policies were among the issues Another aspect of SPAR recruiting was the
under consideration with this much-debated Tars and Spars music and
revolutionary concept. The service dealt dance show. The show was on the road in
with the berthing and messing problem by East Coast cities during the summer of
providing separate housing - often 1944. It is not known how much the show
dormitory style - for the newest Coast drew the attention of applicants, but
Guard personnel. SPAR officers did agree that the show
When it came to personnel policies, the raised the level of Coast
Coast Guard reflected on the issue as a Guard-consciousness as a whole.




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