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Exporters Guide to World of Exports

AWB: of Departure - (ETD):
Air WaybillAccessorial Services/Fees: The time at which a flight is expected
Services provided by an airline in to depart as determined by operating
addition to the normal transportation conditions. It can differ from the
service. These charges are not included scheduled time of departure.Exception
in the basic weight rate charge.Common Ratings:
accessorial services include: advancement Rates set at a certain percentage above
of charges, pick-up, delivery, C.O.D. the general commodity rates because they
service, signature service, storage, apply to commodities that require special
demurrage, and loading/unloading.Account handling, such as live animals and human
Number: remains. See Class Rate and Premium
A specific number assigned by any RateExcess Value:
airline, to an approved customer, used The amount of declared value on a
for billing and other computerized shipment that is over the carrier's
functions.Actual Weight: liabilityExchange Rate:
What the shipment actually weighs on a The price of one currency in terms of
scale.Advance Arrangements: anotherExclusive Truck:
The shipper must make arrangements with A shuttle truck that operates
the carrier prior to the intended date of exclusively for an airlineExport:
shipping. See Booking.Advancement of To send or transport shipments out of a
Charges: country for sale or use in another
A service under which airlines, in some country or for personal purposes.Export
instances, pay incidental charges arising Broker:
before or after airhaul. Examples would An individual or firm that brings
include cartage and warehousing costs. together buyers and sellers for a fee,
These charges can be paid in advance for but does not take part in actual sales
the convenience of either the Shipper or transactions.Export License:
Consignee.Agent (IATA): A government document that permits the
A forwarder, agent or broker who is licensee (holder of license) to engage in
recognized and approved by IATA, the export of designated goods to
appointed by a carrier and authorized by specific destinations.Firms Code:
the respective carrier to receive and A customs location code issued for each
prepare shipments and to collect charges. bonded warehouse or facility.Flatbed
See Cargo Sales Agent.Air Freight: Truck:
The goods for transport in any volume, A shuttle truck that does not have an
and the type of service airlines provide enclosed trailerForwarder:
to transport the goods. The term most See Freight Forwarder.
commonly used is Cargo.Air Freight Free domicile:
Forwarder: A term used in international
See Freight ForwarderAir Waybill: transportation where the shipper pays all
Shipping document used by the airlines transportation charges and any applicable
for air freight. It is a contract for duties and/or taxes.Freight Forwarder:
carriage between shipper and carrier Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the
covering Intra-US and international freight forwarder is a shipper. To their
transportation of cargo to a specified customers, the freight forwarder is an
destination. It includes carrier indirect carrier or agent. The freight
conditions of carriage highlighting such forwarder receives freight from customers
items as limits of liability and claims under his own tariff, usually
procedures. The Air Waybill also contains consolidating it into larger shipments,
specific shipping instructions to prepares necessary documents and makes
airlines, a description of the commodity, arrangements for moving
and applicable transportation charges. freight.Freighter:
Air Waybills are not negotiable.Airbill: An aircraft that carries cargo only,
See Air WaybillAircraft: rather than the combination of passengers
Most commonly used term for airplane. and cargoGBL:
See Equipment.Airport-to-Airport: Government Bill of LadingGCR/GEN:
From one airport facility to another General Commodity RateGateway City:
airport facility. (No pick-up/delivery The first port of entry into a country,
service applies.)Allotment: or the last port before exiting a
A blocked space by airlines, on behalf country.General Commodity:
of forwarders / shippers.Articles of Any cargo commodity that does not
Extraordinary Value - (AEV): warrant a special or specified
Commodities identified as high-value rate.General Commodity Rate:
items that require advance arrangements An air freight rate applicable on all
and special handling.Assembly Service: commodities, except those for which
A service by which an airline assembles specific rates have been filed. Rates are
shipments from one or many shippers and based on weight and distance and are
transports them as one shipment (not published for each pair of cities an
necessarily at one time or flight) to one airline serves.Government Bill of Lading
Consignee.Astray: - (GBL):
Cargo that is traveling without A document issued by a government agency
paperwork or on paperwork in place of the used to request transportation of goods
originalATA: and support the billing of same in
Actual Time of Arrival, or conjunction with carrier's Air
Airport-To-Airport Waybill.Gross Weight:
Attractive Merchandise: The weight of the shipment including all
Commodities such as cameras, radios, packing, blocking, platforms, special
electronic equipment, etc., that are bracing, etc., if required. (includes
handled as high-value shipments but not weight of unit load device, when
rated the same.Backhaul: applicable.)HAWB (House Air Waybill):
To move a shipment back over part of a The individual breakdown for each part
route already traveled.Banded/Banding: of a consolidationHold for Pick-Up -
Cargo wrapped and/or secured with metal (HFPU) (At Destination):
or plastic stripsBank Release: Freight to be held at the carrier's
An import shipment requiring destination location for pick-up by the
notification and release from a bank or recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
in care of a bank. The release must be on Harmonized System - HS:
the bank's stationary and must be an The Harmonized Commodity Description and
original copy. Photocopies, fax, and Coding System is a system for classifying
phone calls are not acceptable. Also see goods in international trade, identifying
Letter Of CreditBelly or Belly Pits: a given commodity by a single
Compartments located beneath the number.Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
passenger deck used for cargo, baggage A term referring to dangerous
storage and mail.Bill of Lading: goodsHealth Certificate:
A document by which a carrier A document obtained from a licensed
acknowledges receipts of goods and veterinarian that is required to ship ALL
contracts to move them. The Air Waybill live warm-blooded animals.High Value:
is a form of bill of lading. See Air A term used to identify both articles of
Waybill.Bonded Carrier/Trucker: extraordinary value and attractive
A firm that has posted bond with the merchandise.Human Remains/Embalmed Human
government and is licensed to carry and Remains:
hold in their facilities' goods that have Intra-US and international term for
not been granted a clearance by deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred
countries' Customs Authorities.Booking: to as HRIAC:
A shipper has prearranged cargo space on Indirect Air CarrierIATA:
a specific flight(s) creating a booking, International Air Transportation
or reservation. See Advanced AssociationIATA Agent:
Arrangements.Broker (Customs): A forwarder/broker that has been
A person or firm licensed by the Customs approved and is recognized by IATA to
Authorities to transact business with receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other
customs on behalf of importers for a fee. documents for carriers, and collect
See Customshouse BrokersC.O.D.: charges for air shipments.IATA Carrier:
Collect on DeliveryC.O.D. Fee: An airline which is a member of IATA and
The fee charged for collecting the COD may accept, carry, and bill for air
amount for the shipper.CWT: shipments. Intra-US counterpart is
Hundred weightCargo: ATA.I.E.:
The goods for transport in any volume, Immediate ExportationI.T.:
and the type of service airlines provide Immediate TransportImmediate
to transport the goods. Exceptions: (a) Exportation:
Mail or other property under the terms of Document prepared at port of departure
an international postal convention. (b) for a shipment traveling through the
Baggage carried under a passenger ticket U.S., which will clear customs in a
and baggage check. Unaccompanied baggage different country.Immediate Transport:
moving under an Air Waybill is cargo. See A document prepared at the first U.S.
Air Freight.Cargo Sales Agent: port of entry or used to amend the
An agent appointed by IATA to solicit initial documents indicating the shipment
and process international cargo for is ready to be transported onto the final
shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents are U.S. customs airport. On the occasion
paid commissions by the airlines without where routing is altered, an immediate
added cost to the shipper or consignee. transport document must be reissued to
See Agent IATACargo Transfer: ensure that customs can identify exact
Cargo arriving at a point by one carrier location of goods at all times until
and continuing its journey through clearance is granted.Import:
another carrier. See Interline.Carnet To bring foreign goods into a
(ATA Carnet): countryImport License:
A document issued by Chambers of A document required and issued by some
Commerce, permitting the holder to carry national governments authorizing
or send merchandise temporarily into importation of goods into their
certain foreign countries (for display, individual countries. See The Air Cargo
demonstration, or similar purposes) Tariff - (TACT).Inbond:
without paying duties or posting A term applied to air cargo coming into
bonds.Carrier: the USA. This designates a procedure
A term synonymous with airline. Each under which U.S. Customs' clearance of
airline is a carrier of passengers and cargo is postponed until the cargo
cargo.Carrier Certificate: reaches an inland customs point rather
A document prepared by the Carrier than at congested gateway cities. Cargo
containing the master Air Waybill number, moves under the carrier's bond (posted
house Air Waybill number, flight number with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to
and date the shipment arrived and the the inland customs port.Inbond Entry:
storage date. The consignee/broker needs Entry made at the first U.S. port by a
this information in order to clear bonded carrier or agent.
customs.Certificate of Origin: Incoterms:
A document to prove the place of origin International Commercial Terms
for specified goods, required by certain Maintained by the International Chamber
foreign countries for tariff of Commerce (ICC). This codification of
purposes.CNEE: terms is used in foreign trade contracts,
ConsigneeCo-Loader: to define the point up to which the
The participants in a consolidation seller is responsible for the delivery of
other than the master loader. Each the goods, and the point in which the
provides all the documentation required risk of loss is transferred from the
for their shipment to the master loader. seller to the buyer. The last edition,
See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Master Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
Loader.Collect Charges: EXW - Ex - works FCA - Free Carrier
Charges entered on the Air Waybill for (named place)
collection from the consignee. Freight FAS - Free Alongside Ship (named port of
collect, charges forward or charges shipment)
collect also have the same FOB - Free On BoardIndirect Air Carrier:
meaning.Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.): An entity which purchases cargo space
A transportation service under which the from an airline and sells the space to
purchase price of the goods is collected other shippers. A freight forwarder is an
by the carrier from the receiver at the indirect air carrier.International Air
time of delivery, and subsequently, Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
payment is transmitted by the carrier to The trade and service organization for
the shipper. Carriers charge a nominal airlines of more than 100 countries
fee for this service. As the term COD serving international routesInterstate:
implies, payment is due upon delivery. A shipment traveling between
There are no credit provisions in COD statesIntrastate:
service.Commercial Invoice: A shipment originating and terminating
Shipper's documentation describing the within one state's boundaries.Issuing
goods and their value which must Carrier:
accompany all international and The carrier who issues the Air
transborder shipmentsCommodity Code: WaybillJoint Rate:
A system for identifying a given A single rate which applies for carriage
commodity by a number as a means of over the lines of two or more carriers
facilitating, for example, the and which is published as a single
application of computerization to freight amount.Kennel:
transportation.Conditions of Contract: The enclosure in which a live animal is
The terms and conditions established by shipped, most commonly for dogs and
the air carriers for the carriage of cats.Kilo:
goods. These conditions are printed on An international measure of weight
the Air Waybill and include such items as containing 2.2046 pounds.Known Shipper:
limits of liability, claims limitations, An entity which ships its own products,
indemnity and dimensional weight and has a valid account number with an
rules.Connection Time: airline, or appears in the cargo profile
Allowable published time to connect list/cargo security profileLegal
cargo from one flight to Connection:
anotherConsignee: The amount of time needed to connect
The receiver of a shipment, or to whom cargo from one aircraft to another,or one
the shipment is consignedConsignment: airline to another. Also referred to as
Shipment of one or more pieces of connection time and transfer time.Letter
property, accepted by the carrier from Of Credit:
one shipper, receipted for in one lot, A document issued by a bank stipulating
and moved on one Air Waybill, to one that a certain sum shall be paid to the
consignee at one destination.Consular beneficiary named under clearly stated
Invoice: conditions. It is a method of paying for
A document required by some foreign goods where a buyer establishes credit
countries, describing a shipment of goods with a local bank, clearly describing
and showing information of the shipment. goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of
It is certified by a consular official of documentation, the bank either is paid by
the foreign country. It is used by the the buyer or takes title to goods and
country's customs officials to verify the transfers funds to seller. NOTE: On such
value, quantity and nature of the occasions, the airline cannot release
shipment.Container: goods to the ultimate consignee until a
A shipping device, airline provided or written release is produced by the bank
shipper provided, allowing a convenient named on the Air Waybill.
and lower cost method of shipping. See Liner terms:
ULD - Unit Load Device.Containerization: Conditions under which a shipping
The use of box-like or other unit load company will transport goods, including
devices (ULD) in which a number of the amount payable for carriage of the
packages are stored, protected, and goodsLive Animals:
handled as a unit in transit. See An airline term to identify live
Container and ULD.Conversion Rate: cargoLocal Rate:
The rate used to convert one currency to Rate for shipments between city pairs,
another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of all on the same airlineLockout:
Exchange. A set time after which no cargo may be
Customs: sent to be boarded on a flightLot:
A government authority designated to Number of pieces in one shipment
regulate flow of goods to and from a Lot Label:
country and to collect duties levied by a A label or stencil applied to cargo
country on imports and exports. The term identifying the shipment by Air Waybill
also applies to the procedures involved number, number of pieces, actual weight
in such collections.Customs Airport: of each piece, total actual weight,
Designated airports in each country destination airport, date of shipment,
which have customs facilities.Customs and routing.
Clearance: Lower deck:
A shipment must clear customs when it An aircraft compartment, below the Main
enters any country from another.Customs DeckMain deck:
Declaration: Also known as Upper Deck. A freighter
A statement, oral or written, attesting aircraft has it entire upper deck
to the correctness of description, equipped for main deck type of containers
quantity, value, etc., of merchandise pallets loading. There is no main deck
offered for importation into the type of container/pallet at passenger
U.S.Customhouse Broker: aircraft
A broker who is licensed by the Customs Master Air Waybill - (MAWB):
Authorities to act for importers and Air Waybill covering a consolidated
other businessmen in handling the consignment, showing the consolidator as
sequence of customs formalities and other shipperMaster Loader:
details attendant to the legal and The IATA agent who assumes the
expeditious importing of goods.Dangerous responsibility for contracting with other
Goods: agents to assemble goods for
Articles or substances which are capable consolidation to the airlines.MET -
of posting a significant risk to health, Merchandise Enforcement Team:
safety, or property when transported by A special unit of US CustomsMinimum
air if not packaged according to federal Charge:
regulations.Declared Value for Carriage: The minimum amount which applies for the
The value of goods declared to the transportation of air cargo service, no
carrier by the shipper for the purposes matter how small the shipmentNAR:
of determining charges or establishing No Authentication RequiredNDR:
the limit of the carrier's liability for No Documents RequiredNES:
loss, damage, or delay.Declared Value for Not Elsewhere Specified. An abbreviation
Customs: which often appears in cargo tariffs
The selling price of the contents or the along with NOS - Not Otherwise Specified
replacement cost if the contents are not and possibly, NOIBN - Not Otherwise
for resale. The amount must be equal to Indexed by Number.NFO:
or greater than the declared Next Flight Out. A term used by some
value.Delivery Authorization Document - shippers meaning SPD - Small Package
(DAD): Delivery.NOA:
A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a Notify On ArrivalNarLetterList-Body
3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Aircraft:
Waybill stamped by customs.Department of B-727, B-737, B-757 and A-320 are all
Transportation - (DOT): examples of narLetterList-body
An executive department of the U.S. aircraft.Net Weight:
Government established by the Department The actual weight of a shipment (not
of Transportation Act of 1966 for the including the weight of the container /
purpose of developing national unit load device - (ULD)).Nomination:
transportation policies.Destination: When an air carrier authorizes a bonded
The final stop of cargo that is being agent (forwarder, broker) to update Air
transported. Sometimes referred to as the Waybill information (master Air Waybill
final destination. exists.Diversion: or house Air Waybill) directly to customs
Landing at a location other than the via Air Manifest SystemNon-Stop Flight:
planned destinationDocumentation: A flight with no stops from origin to
The required paperwork accompanying a destinationNo Op:
shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health Abbreviation for Not in operation, or
certificate, invoices, shipper's export does not operate.No Show:
declaration, etc. Shipper who fails to show up to ship an
Dolly: already booked shipment. Also, a shipment
A piece of equipment with wheels, used which fails to show up at destination off
to move containers and pallets to/from a flight.Normal Processing Time:
the aircraftDoor-To-Door: A time frame each airport city publishes
Used when pick-up and delivery service for recovery time.Normal Rate:
applies.Drop-Off: The international term for the published
Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air per pound or per kilo rate (between
carrier for transportation. See minimum charge and 45K/100L rate.)NVD:
TenderDrop Time: No Value DeclaredOffload:
A published time frame at each airport Removing the cargo from the
city when the shipper must drop off cargo aircraftOn-Demand Truck:
prior to flight departureDuty: A shuttle truck operating only if
A tax imposed on imports by the customs freight has been booked for itOn Hand -
authority of a country. Duties are (OH):
generally based on the value of goods, Cargo is confirmed at a particular
other factors such as weight or quantity airport and available for the customer to
limits, or a combination of value and pick-up.One-Shot Truck:
other factorsETA: A shuttle truck arranged by a station on
Estimated Time of ArrivalETD: a one-time only basisOnline:
Estimated Time of DepartureEmbargo: A routing from origin to destination on
Temporary refusal to accept cargo for the designated carrier onlyOrigin:
transportation at certain points or in The point at which a shipment
certain routes due to the type or class beginsOver-Pivot Weight:
of cargo, limitations of facilities, The weight in excess of the pivot
emergencies, or other abnormal weight. See Pivot Weight.Over-the-Road
circumstances.Equipment: Truck:
Used in the airline industry referring Pick-up and delivery service performed
to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., beyond the usual radius of regular Air
DC-10, B-727, etc.Escorts: Cargo, Inc. pick-up and delivery service.
People accompanying shipments on the These shipments are normally by use of a
same aircraftEstimated Time of Arrival - bill of lading or PRO.Pallet:
(ETA): A wooden or metal base to which cargo is
The time at which a flight is expected securedAmit Jhuraney is an Exporter from
to arrive as determined by operating New Delhi INDIA and deals in exports
conditions. It can differ from the imports of various FMCG products
scheduled time of arrival.Estimate Time globally.




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