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Exporters Guide to World of Exports

AWB:The time at which a flight is expected
Air WaybillAccessorial Services/Fees:to depart as determined by operating
Services provided by an airline inconditions. It can differ from the
addition to the normal transportationscheduled time of departure.Exception
service. These charges are not includedRatings:
in the basic weight rate charge.CommonRates set at a certain percentage above
accessorial services include:the general commodity rates because they
advancement of charges, pick-up,apply to commodities that require
delivery, C.O.D. service, signaturespecial handling, such as live animals
service, storage, demurrage, and loadingand human remains. See Class Rate and
unloading.Account Number:Premium RateExcess Value:
A specific number assigned by anyThe amount of declared value on a
airline, to an approved customer, usedshipment that is over the carrier's
for billing and other computerizedliabilityExchange Rate:
functions.Actual Weight:The price of one currency in terms of
What the shipment actually weighs on aanotherExclusive Truck:
scale.Advance Arrangements:A shuttle truck that operates
The shipper must make arrangements withexclusively for an airlineExport:
the carrier prior to the intended dateTo send or transport shipments out of a
of shipping. See Booking.Advancement ofcountry for sale or use in another
Charges:country or for personal purposes.Export
A service under which airlines, in someBroker:
instances, pay incidental chargesAn individual or firm that brings
arising before or after airhaul.together buyers and sellers for a fee,
Examples would include cartage andbut does not take part in actual sales
warehousing costs. These charges can betransactions.Export License:
paid in advance for the convenience ofA government document that permits the
either the Shipper or Consignee.Agentlicensee (holder of license) to engage
(IATA):in the export of designated goods to
A forwarder, agent or broker who isspecific destinations.Firms Code:
recognized and approved by IATA,A customs location code issued for each
appointed by a carrier and authorized bybonded warehouse or facility.Flatbed
the respective carrier to receive andTruck:
prepare shipments and to collectA shuttle truck that does not have an
charges. See Cargo Sales Agent.Airenclosed trailerForwarder:
Freight:See Freight Forwarder.
The goods for transport in any volume,Free domicile:
and the type of service airlines provideA term used in international
to transport the goods. The term mosttransportation where the shipper pays
commonly used is Cargo.Air Freightall transportation charges and any
Forwarder:applicable duties and/or taxes.Freight
See Freight ForwarderAir Waybill:Forwarder:
Shipping document used by the airlinesServes a dual role. To the airlines,
for air freight. It is a contract forthe freight forwarder is a shipper. To
carriage between shipper and carriertheir customers, the freight forwarder
covering Intra-US and internationalis an indirect carrier or agent. The
transportation of cargo to a specifiedfreight forwarder receives freight from
destination. It includes carriercustomers under his own tariff, usually
conditions of carriage highlighting suchconsolidating it into larger shipments,
items as limits of liability and claimsprepares necessary documents and makes
procedures. The Air Waybill alsoarrangements for moving
contains specific shipping instructionsfreight.Freighter:
to airlines, a description of theAn aircraft that carries cargo only,
commodity, and applicable transportationrather than the combination of
charges. Air Waybills are notpassengers and cargoGBL:
negotiable.Airbill:Government Bill of LadingGCR/GEN:
See Air WaybillAircraft:General Commodity RateGateway City:
Most commonly used term for airplane.The first port of entry into a country,
See Equipment.Airport-to-Airport:or the last port before exiting a
From one airport facility to anothercountry.General Commodity:
airport facility. (No pick-up/deliveryAny cargo commodity that does not
service applies.)Allotment:warrant a special or specified
A blocked space by airlines, on behalfrate.General Commodity Rate:
of forwarders / shippers.Articles ofAn air freight rate applicable on all
Extraordinary Value - (AEV):commodities, except those for which
Commodities identified as high-valuespecific rates have been filed. Rates
items that require advance arrangementsare based on weight and distance and are
and special handling.Assembly Service:published for each pair of cities an
A service by which an airline assemblesairline serves.Government Bill of Lading
shipments from one or many shippers and- (GBL):
transports them as one shipment (notA document issued by a government
necessarily at one time or flight) toagency used to request transportation of
one Consignee.Astray:goods and support the billing of same in
Cargo that is traveling withoutconjunction with carrier's Air
paperwork or on paperwork in place ofWaybill.Gross Weight:
the originalATA:The weight of the shipment including
Actual Time of Arrival, orall packing, blocking, platforms,
Airport-To-Airportspecial bracing, etc., if required.
Attractive Merchandise:(includes weight of unit load device,
Commodities such as cameras, radios,when applicable.)HAWB (House Air
electronic equipment, etc., that areWaybill):
handled as high-value shipments but notThe individual breakdown for each part
rated the same.Backhaul:of a consolidationHold for Pick-Up -
To move a shipment back over part of a(HFPU) (At Destination):
route already traveled.Banded/Banding:Freight to be held at the carrier's
Cargo wrapped and/or secured with metaldestination location for pick-up by the
or plastic stripsBank Release:recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
An import shipment requiringHarmonized System - HS:
notification and release from a bank orThe Harmonized Commodity Description
in care of a bank. The release must beand Coding System is a system for
on the bank's stationary and must be anclassifying goods in international
original copy. Photocopies, fax, andtrade, identifying a given commodity by
phone calls are not acceptable. Also seea single number.Hazardous Material -
Letter Of CreditBelly or Belly Pits:(HAZ MAT):
Compartments located beneath theA term referring to dangerous
passenger deck used for cargo, baggagegoodsHealth Certificate:
storage and mail.Bill of Lading:A document obtained from a licensed
A document by which a carrierveterinarian that is required to ship
acknowledges receipts of goods andALL live warm-blooded animals.High
contracts to move them. The Air WaybillValue:
is a form of bill of lading. See AirA term used to identify both articles
Waybill.Bonded Carrier/Trucker:of extraordinary value and attractive
A firm that has posted bond with themerchandise.Human Remains/Embalmed Human
government and is licensed to carry andRemains:
hold in their facilities' goods thatIntra-US and international term for
have not been granted a clearance bydeceased human bodies. Sometimes
countries' Customs Authorities.Booking:referred to as HRIAC:
A shipper has prearranged cargo spaceIndirect Air CarrierIATA:
on a specific flight(s) creating aInternational Air Transportation
booking, or reservation. See AdvancedAssociationIATA Agent:
Arrangements.Broker (Customs):A forwarder/broker that has been
A person or firm licensed by theapproved and is recognized by IATA to
Customs Authorities to transact businessreceive cargo, cut Air Waybills and
with customs on behalf of importers forother documents for carriers, and
a fee. See Customshouse BrokersC.O.D.:collect charges for air shipments.IATA
Collect on DeliveryC.O.D. Fee:Carrier:
The fee charged for collecting the CODAn airline which is a member of IATA
amount for the shipper.CWT:and may accept, carry, and bill for air
Hundred weightCargo:shipments. Intra-US counterpart is
The goods for transport in any volume,ATA.I.E.:
and the type of service airlines provideImmediate ExportationI.T.:
to transport the goods. Exceptions: (a)Immediate TransportImmediate
Mail or other property under the termsExportation:
of an international postal convention.Document prepared at port of departure
(b) Baggage carried under a passengerfor a shipment traveling through the
ticket and baggage check. UnaccompaniedU.S., which will clear customs in a
baggage moving under an Air Waybill isdifferent country.Immediate Transport:
cargo. See Air Freight.Cargo SalesA document prepared at the first U.S.
Agent:port of entry or used to amend the
An agent appointed by IATA to solicitinitial documents indicating the
and process international cargo forshipment is ready to be transported onto
shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents arethe final U.S. customs airport. On the
paid commissions by the airlines withoutoccasion where routing is altered, an
added cost to the shipper or consignee.immediate transport document must be
See Agent IATACargo Transfer:reissued to ensure that customs can
Cargo arriving at a point by oneidentify exact location of goods at all
carrier and continuing its journeytimes until clearance is granted.Import:
through another carrier. SeeTo bring foreign goods into a
Interline.Carnet (ATA Carnet):countryImport License:
A document issued by Chambers ofA document required and issued by some
Commerce, permitting the holder to carrynational governments authorizing
or send merchandise temporarily intoimportation of goods into their
certain foreign countries (for display,individual countries. See The Air Cargo
demonstration, or similar purposes)Tariff - (TACT).Inbond:
without paying duties or postingA term applied to air cargo coming into
bonds.Carrier:the USA. This designates a procedure
A term synonymous with airline. Eachunder which U.S. Customs' clearance of
airline is a carrier of passengers andcargo is postponed until the cargo
cargo.Carrier Certificate:reaches an inland customs point rather
A document prepared by the Carrierthan at congested gateway cities. Cargo
containing the master Air Waybillmoves under the carrier's bond (posted
number, house Air Waybill number, flightwith U.S. Customs) from the gateway to
number and date the shipment arrived andthe inland customs port.Inbond Entry:
the storage date. The consignee/brokerEntry made at the first U.S. port by a
needs this information in order to clearbonded carrier or agent.
customs.Certificate of Origin:Incoterms:
A document to prove the place of originInternational Commercial Terms
for specified goods, required by certainMaintained by the International Chamber
foreign countries for tariffof Commerce (ICC). This codification of
purposes.CNEE:terms is used in foreign trade
ConsigneeCo-Loader:contracts, to define the point up to
The participants in a consolidationwhich the seller is responsible for the
other than the master loader. Eachdelivery of the goods, and the point in
provides all the documentation requiredwhich the risk of loss is transferred
for their shipment to the master loader.from the seller to the buyer. The last
See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Masteredition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13
Loader.Collect Charges:codes:
Charges entered on the Air Waybill forEXW - Ex - works FCA - Free Carrier
collection from the consignee. Freight(named place)
collect, charges forward or chargesFAS - Free Alongside Ship (named port
collect also have the sameof shipment)
meaning.Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.):FOB - Free On BoardIndirect Air
A transportation service under whichCarrier:
the purchase price of the goods isAn entity which purchases cargo space
collected by the carrier from thefrom an airline and sells the space to
receiver at the time of delivery, andother shippers. A freight forwarder is
subsequently, payment is transmitted byan indirect air carrier.International
the carrier to the shipper. CarriersAir Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
charge a nominal fee for this service.The trade and service organization for
As the term COD implies, payment is dueairlines of more than 100 countries
upon delivery. There are no creditserving international routesInterstate:
provisions in COD service.CommercialA shipment traveling between
Invoice:statesIntrastate:
Shipper's documentation describing theA shipment originating and terminating
goods and their value which mustwithin one state's boundaries.Issuing
accompany all international andCarrier:
transborder shipmentsCommodity Code:The carrier who issues the Air
A system for identifying a givenWaybillJoint Rate:
commodity by a number as a means ofA single rate which applies for
facilitating, for example, thecarriage over the lines of two or more
application of computerization tocarriers and which is published as a
freight transportation.Conditions ofsingle amount.Kennel:
Contract:The enclosure in which a live animal is
The terms and conditions established byshipped, most commonly for dogs and
the air carriers for the carriage ofcats.Kilo:
goods. These conditions are printed onAn international measure of weight
the Air Waybill and include such itemscontaining 2.2046 pounds.Known Shipper:
as limits of liability, claimsAn entity which ships its own products,
limitations, indemnity and dimensionaland has a valid account number with an
weight rules.Connection Time:airline, or appears in the cargo profile
Allowable published time to connectlist/cargo security profileLegal
cargo from one flight toConnection:
anotherConsignee:The amount of time needed to connect
The receiver of a shipment, or to whomcargo from one aircraft to another,or
the shipment is consignedConsignment:one airline to another. Also referred to
Shipment of one or more pieces ofas connection time and transfer
property, accepted by the carrier fromtime.Letter Of Credit:
one shipper, receipted for in one lot,A document issued by a bank stipulating
and moved on one Air Waybill, to onethat a certain sum shall be paid to the
consignee at one destination.Consularbeneficiary named under clearly stated
Invoice:conditions. It is a method of paying for
A document required by some foreigngoods where a buyer establishes credit
countries, describing a shipment ofwith a local bank, clearly describing
goods and showing information of thegoods to be purchased. Upon receipt of
shipment. It is certified by a consulardocumentation, the bank either is paid
official of the foreign country. It isby the buyer or takes title to goods and
used by the country's customs officialstransfers funds to seller. NOTE: On such
to verify the value, quantity and natureoccasions, the airline cannot release
of the shipment.Container:goods to the ultimate consignee until a
A shipping device, airline provided orwritten release is produced by the bank
shipper provided, allowing a convenientnamed on the Air Waybill.
and lower cost method of shipping. SeeLiner terms:
ULD - Unit Load Device.Containerization:Conditions under which a shipping
The use of box-like or other unit loadcompany will transport goods, including
devices (ULD) in which a number ofthe amount payable for carriage of the
packages are stored, protected, andgoodsLive Animals:
handled as a unit in transit. SeeAn airline term to identify live
Container and ULD.Conversion Rate:cargoLocal Rate:
The rate used to convert one currencyRate for shipments between city pairs,
to another. See Exchange Rate and Rateall on the same airlineLockout:
of Exchange.A set time after which no cargo may be
Customs:sent to be boarded on a flightLot:
A government authority designated toNumber of pieces in one shipment
regulate flow of goods to and from aLot Label:
country and to collect duties levied byA label or stencil applied to cargo
a country on imports and exports. Theidentifying the shipment by Air Waybill
term also applies to the proceduresnumber, number of pieces, actual weight
involved in such collections.Customsof each piece, total actual weight,
Airport:destination airport, date of shipment,
Designated airports in each countryand routing.
which have customs facilities.CustomsLower deck:
Clearance:An aircraft compartment, below the Main
A shipment must clear customs when itDeckMain deck:
enters any country from another.CustomsAlso known as Upper Deck. A freighter
Declaration:aircraft has it entire upper deck
A statement, oral or written, attestingequipped for main deck type of
to the correctness of description,containers/pallets loading. There is no
quantity, value, etc., of merchandisemain deck type of container/pallet at
offered for importation into thepassenger aircraft
U.S.Customhouse Broker:Master Air Waybill - (MAWB):
A broker who is licensed by the CustomsAir Waybill covering a consolidated
Authorities to act for importers andconsignment, showing the consolidator as
other businessmen in handling theshipperMaster Loader:
sequence of customs formalities andThe IATA agent who assumes the
other details attendant to the legal andresponsibility for contracting with
expeditious importing of goods.Dangerousother agents to assemble goods for
Goods:consolidation to the airlines.MET -
Articles or substances which areMerchandise Enforcement Team:
capable of posting a significant risk toA special unit of US CustomsMinimum
health, safety, or property whenCharge:
transported by air if not packagedThe minimum amount which applies for
according to federalthe transportation of air cargo service,
regulations.Declared Value for Carriage:no matter how small the shipmentNAR:
The value of goods declared to theNo Authentication RequiredNDR:
carrier by the shipper for the purposesNo Documents RequiredNES:
of determining charges or establishingNot Elsewhere Specified. An
the limit of the carrier's liability forabbreviation which often appears in
loss, damage, or delay.Declared Valuecargo tariffs along with NOS - Not
for Customs:Otherwise Specified and possibly, NOIBN
The selling price of the contents or- Not Otherwise Indexed by Number.NFO:
the replacement cost if the contents areNext Flight Out. A term used by some
not for resale. The amount must be equalshippers meaning SPD - Small Package
to or greater than the declaredDelivery.NOA:
value.Delivery Authorization Document -Notify On ArrivalNarLetterList-Body
(DAD):Aircraft:
A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or aB-727, B-737, B-757 and A-320 are all
3461 (Clearance) or a straight Airexamples of narLetterList-body
Waybill stamped by customs.Department ofaircraft.Net Weight:
Transportation - (DOT):The actual weight of a shipment (not
An executive department of the U.S.including the weight of the container /
Government established by the Departmentunit load device - (ULD)).Nomination:
of Transportation Act of 1966 for theWhen an air carrier authorizes a bonded
purpose of developing nationalagent (forwarder, broker) to update Air
transportation policies.Destination:Waybill information (master Air Waybill
The final stop of cargo that is beingor house Air Waybill) directly to
transported. Sometimes referred to ascustoms via Air Manifest SystemNon-Stop
the final destination.Flight:
exists.Diversion:A flight with no stops from origin to
Landing at a location other than thedestinationNo Op:
planned destinationDocumentation:Abbreviation for Not in operation, or
The required paperwork accompanying adoes not operate.No Show:
shipment such as an Air Waybill, aShipper who fails to show up to ship an
health certificate, invoices, shipper'salready booked shipment. Also, a
export declaration, etc.shipment which fails to show up at
Dolly:destination off a flight.Normal
A piece of equipment with wheels, usedProcessing Time:
to move containers and pallets to/fromA time frame each airport city
the aircraftDoor-To-Door:publishes for recovery time.Normal Rate:
Used when pick-up and delivery serviceThe international term for the
applies.Drop-Off:published per pound or per kilo rate
Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air(between minimum charge and 45K/100L
carrier for transportation. Seerate.)NVD:
TenderDrop Time:No Value DeclaredOffload:
A published time frame at each airportRemoving the cargo from the
city when the shipper must drop offaircraftOn-Demand Truck:
cargo prior to flight departureDuty:A shuttle truck operating only if
A tax imposed on imports by the customsfreight has been booked for itOn Hand -
authority of a country. Duties are(OH):
generally based on the value of goods,Cargo is confirmed at a particular
other factors such as weight or quantityairport and available for the customer
limits, or a combination of value andto pick-up.One-Shot Truck:
other factorsETA:A shuttle truck arranged by a station
Estimated Time of ArrivalETD:on a one-time only basisOnline:
Estimated Time of DepartureEmbargo:A routing from origin to destination on
Temporary refusal to accept cargo forthe designated carrier onlyOrigin:
transportation at certain points or inThe point at which a shipment
certain routes due to the type or classbeginsOver-Pivot Weight:
of cargo, limitations of facilities,The weight in excess of the pivot
emergencies, or other abnormalweight. See Pivot Weight.Over-the-Road
circumstances.Equipment:Truck:
Used in the airline industry referringPick-up and delivery service performed
to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e.,beyond the usual radius of regular Air
DC-10, B-727, etc.Escorts:Cargo, Inc. pick-up and delivery
People accompanying shipments on theservice. These shipments are normally by
same aircraftEstimated Time of Arrival -use of a bill of lading or PRO.Pallet:
(ETA):A wooden or metal base to which cargo
The time at which a flight is expectedis securedAmit Jhuraney is an Exporter
to arrive as determined by operatingfrom New Delhi INDIA and deals in
conditions. It can differ from theexports/imports of various FMCG products
scheduled time of arrival.Estimate Timeglobally.
of Departure - (ETD):



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